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Malaysia's International Internet Routes

SEA_ME-WE-3

SEA-ME-WE 3 or South-East Asia - Middle East - Western Europe 3 is an optical submarine telecommunications cable linking those regions and is the longest in the world,
completed in late 2000. It is operated by India's Tata Indicom and 92 other investors from the telecom industry. In Malaysia, this cable lands at Penang and Mersing ( Johor)
It was commissioned in March 2000 in India. It is 39,000 km (24,000 mi) in length and uses Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology to increase capacity and enhance
the quality of the signal, especially over long distances (this cable stretches from North Germany to Australia and Japan).

SEA-ME-WE-4

The route of the submarine cable (red); the blue segment is terrestrial South East Asia–Middle East–Western Europe 4 (SEA-ME-WE 4) is an optical fibre submarine communications
cable system that carries telecommunications between Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Egypt,
Italy, Tunisia, Algeria and France. In Malaysia, this cable lands at Penang.

The cable is approximately 18,800 kilometres long, and provides the primary Internet backbone between South East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East and Europe.
The cable uses dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM),[1] allowing for increased communications capacity per fibre compared to fibres carrying non-multiplexed signals and
also facilitates bidirectional communication within a single fibre. DWDM does this by multiplexing different wavelengths of laser light on a single optical fibre so that multiple
optical carrier signals can be concurrently transmitted along that fibre. Two fibre pairs are used with each fibre pair able to carry 64 wavelengths at 10 gigabits per second
per wavelength. This enables terabit per second speeds along the SEA-WE-ME 4 cable, with a total capacity of 1.28 Tbit/s.

SAFE

The South Africa Far East cable is an optical fiber submarine communications cable linking Melkbosstrand, South Africa to Penang, Malaysia. It was commissioned in 2002 and
built by Tyco Submarine Systems of the USA with an initial capacity of 10 Gigabits per second, which is upgradeable to 130 Gigabits per second. It has four fiber strands, using
Erbium-doped fiber amplifier repeaters and wavelength division multiplexing.
It has a total length of 13,104 kilometres, and is one of a pair of cables — SAT-3/WASC being the other — that provides high-speed digital links between Europe, West
and Southern Africa and the Far East. Together with SAT-3/WASC, it also provides redundancy for other cables travelling through the Middle East. In Malaysia, this cable lands at
Penang.

APCN

APCN or Asia-Pacific Cable Network is a submarine telecommunications cable system linking nine Asian countries. It has landing points in:

Petchaburi, Thailand
Mersing, Malaysia
Changi, Singapore
Ancol, Indonesia
Lantau, Hong Kong
Batangas, Philippines
Toucheng, Taiwan
Pusan, Korea
Miyazaki, Japan

It has a transmission capacity of 5 Gbit/s, and a total cable length of approximately 12,000 km

APCN-2

APCN 2 or Asia-Pacific Cable Network 2 is a submarine telecommunications cable linking several countries in the Asia-Pacific region. It has landing points in:

Chongming, Shanghai, China
Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
Lantau Island, Islands District, Hong Kong
Chikura, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
Kitaibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
Pusan, South Korea
Kuantan, Pahang State, Malaysia
Batangas Bay, Batangas City, Batangas Province, Philippines
Katong, Singapore
Tanshui, Taipei County, Taiwan

Total bandwidth capacity of Asia Pacific Cable Network 2 is 2.56 Tbit/s, made up of four pairs of optical fibres, each pair providing 640 Gbit/s by Dense Wavelength
Division Multiplexing of 10 Gbit/s wavelengths. The 19,000 km-long APCN 2 cable system is built in a self-healing ring configuration, which allows fast rerouting of data transfers
along APCN 2 in the event of disruptions. The cable system, as of January 2007, is progressively becoming operational. APCN 2 is designed to provide interconnection with
other major trans-oceanic cable networks linking the USA, Europe, Australia, and other parts of Asia.

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